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The addition of hydrocarbon solvents to the cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) or steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) processes has recently gained significant interest from the petroleum industry. In these processes, a proper selection of solvent is critical: injected solvent must be in the vapor phase at the injection point in order to propagate inside the steam chamber and condense at the steam/oil...
The spontaneous combustion of coal in gob area that is caused by longwall mining techniques results from the coupling effect of air seepage, oxygen transport, heat transfer and exothermic reaction. Previous researches are neither able to systematically address the whole process of spontaneous combustion in longwall gob nor model the continuous expansion of gob area perfectly well. In this paper, the...
Silver catalysts supported on ZSM-5 (Si/Al=30, 50 and 80) were investigated for low-temperature CO oxidation to study the nature of the silver active sites and their formation under the influence of the support chemical composition and redox pretreatments. The catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, FTIR, XPS, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy, NH3 thermodesorption (NH3 TPD) and temperature-programmed...
Modelling soot formation and oxidation in diesel engines has been a long-standing challenge. In this study, soot particle characteristics in terms of particle dynamics, particle size and number density were modelled by integrating a multi-step phenomenological soot model into the KIVA-CHEMKIN CFD code for compression ignition engine combustion simulations. This semi-detailed soot model is dedicated...
The inhibiting effects of nitrogen compounds on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene-series sulfur compounds in straight-run gas oil over a NiW/Al2O3 catalyst were studied. The nitrogen compounds investigated here were quinoline and indole; nitrogen to sulfur mass ratios (N/S) varying from 0.9 to 1.2 were comparably studied. The results showed that quinoline was much easier to be converted...
This work demonstrated that triglycerides based vegetable oils were directly converted into cycloparaffinic and aromatic components in jet fuel by a three-step process. This process involved the catalytic cracking of vegetable oils into light aromatics over the zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5(80)), followed by the aromatic alkylation of light aromatics using the ionic liquid of [bmim]Cl-2AlCl3 and the hydrogenation...
Carbon ordered mesoporous CMK-3 with high surface area and high pore volume promotes a very good dispersion of Pt or Ir monometallic and Pt-Ir-bimetallic crystallites in the carbon framework. High active and stable nanospecies are responsible for the good activity and selectivity found in the hydrogenation of tetralin to decalin in the presence of N as indole and S as dibenzothiophene under mild conditions...
Solar pyrolysis of biomass is a smart way to upgrade biomass and, thus, store intermittent solar energy as solar fuels (gas, bio-char and bio-oil). Distribution and energy content of gas, char and oil depend on experimental conditions. In order to determine these characteristics, experiments have been performed at temperatures of 600, 900, 1200 and 2000°C, heating rate of 50°C/s and argon flow rate...
This paper presents a method for correlating the octane numbers of fuel mixtures, and applies this to the study of toluene reference fuels (TRFs) blended with ethanol. This method combines linear regression and exhaustive (or brute-force) searching for optimal Scheffé polynomials, where optimality is defined as the shortest polynomial that meets a reasonable estimate of the reproducibility limits...
Addition of micro and nano-sized particles to liquid fuels has proven to be a successful mechanism to improve certain combustion characteristics such as burning rate and ignition delay. In this study, sub-millimeter size droplets of colloidal suspensions of jet fuel and different types of carbon based nanoparticles were ignited and burned at ambient conditions to investigate the effects of particle...
Optimization of cyclic gas huff-and-puff recovery is challenging because there is a myriad of variables involved in the system, most of which have nonlinear and opposite effects. This study conducted a sensitivity analysis in order to find a set of primary depletion period, injection period, and production period which maximized the final oil recovery factor after a fixed length of production. Input...
Injection of carbon dioxide into saline aquifers is one the most promising methods for mitigating the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Reactions of CO2 with brine and formation rocks are important in determining the ultimate fate of CO2. Rates of reactions of the different relevant minerals are dependent on rate constants and mineral surface area. It is important to quantify the effect...
The pyrolysis process of a lower rank coal as a fresh coal (FC) and a long-term stored coal (LTSC) was analyzed in a laboratory coking unit using X-raying and thermobalance. The changes in temperature of the charge of coals were determined along with the changes in volume of their carbonized charges, the mass loss of coals, and the mass loss rate. It was stated that LTSC has a lower thermal diffusivity...
High carbon yields of jet fuel range alkanes were observed from plastics through a novel route. The integral processes were mainly performed via the catalytic microwave-assisted degradation of low-density polyethylene (a model compound of plastics waste) followed by hydrogenation process. The catalytic microwave degradation was carried out at 375°C with catalyst to feed mass ratio of 0.1 or 0.2 to...
The influence of internal nozzle flow characteristics over the evaporative spray development is studied experimentally for two different nozzle geometries and three different fuels. This is a continuation of previous work by the authors where non-evaporative isothermal spray development was studied experimentally for the same nozzle geometries and fuels. Current study reports macroscopic spray characteristics...
Understanding the chemical mechanisms of trace element (TE) evolution is essential for accurate modeling of coal combustion. A novel graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method was used to simulate the evaporation and atomization behavior of TE sulfides (arsenic, antimony and selenium) in the two distinct microenvironments that mineral inclusions and exclusions experience during...
In this study, biomass devolatilization, which is the initial stage of steam gasification, was experimentally investigated in a 100kW dual fluidised bed gasifier. In the experiments, pellets of radiata pine sawdust were used as the feedstock, and silica sand was used as the bed material. The operating temperature in the gasifier was varied from 700 to 800°C and N2 was used as the fluidisation agent...
Raw bio-oil produced from fast pyrolysis of pine woodchips was co-processed with standard Brazilian vacuum gasoil (VGO) and tested in a 200kg⋅h−1 fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) demonstration-scale unit using a commercial FCC equilibrium catalyst. Two different bio-oil/VGO weight ratios were used: 5/95 and 10/90.Co-processing of raw bio-oil in FCC was shown to be technically feasible. Bio-oil could...
In this study, both the standardized Rancimat and thermoanalytical pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) methods were employed to investigate the effects of antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel. The differences in the antioxidant effectiveness between these phenolic compounds could be clearly distinguished by both methods. Results revealed that the efficiency of antioxidant...
Screening has been widely used for the classification of particulate materials. Equal-thickness screen, which is characterized by large capacity and high efficiency, has been extensively applied in coal processing in recent years. In this paper, the method of multistage sampling and multilayer screening was used to analyze the particle size of screening products, the effects of screen surface inclination,...
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